Faith, Cognition, and Immunity in Aging: biopsychosocial mechanismsprotecting the health of the elderly

mecanismos bio psicossociais de proteção à saúde do idoso

Abstract

We analyzed, in this integrative literature review, the relationships between faith,
cognition, and immunity in aging, seeking to understand the biopsychosocial
mechanisms associated with the protection of older adults’ health. The research was
conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases, applying descriptors
related to spirituality, cognition, memory, stress, inflammation, and aging. The results
demonstrated that spirituality and religiosity were associated with reduced emotional
distress, strengthened resilience, improved mental health, and possible protective
effects on cognitive functions in older adults. We also identified evidence related to the
influence of faith on mechanisms associated with physiological stress and the
modulation of inflammatory processes involved in aging. In addition, the studies
highlighted that factors such as social support, purpose in life, hope, and positive
coping strategies represent important psychosocial mechanisms related to the
observed benefits. We concluded that spirituality may act as a relevant component in
promoting the integral health of older adults, contributing to better emotional, cognitive,
and physiological adaptation during aging. However, we emphasize the need for
further research capable of deepening the understanding of the biological and
psychosocial mechanisms involved in this relationship.